Ballet: Cinderella (Frederick Ashton, 1948)
Introduction
Ballet has long been a cherished art form, blending music, dance, and storytelling into a seamless and captivating experience. One of the most beloved ballets is Frederick Ashton’s “Cinderella,” which premiered in 1948. This ballet, set to the enchanting music of Sergei Prokofiev, has become a staple in the repertoire of ballet companies worldwide. The story, based on the classic fairy tale, follows the journey of a young girl from rags to riches, culminating in a magical transformation and a royal romance.
Historical Background
Creation and Development
The creation of “Cinderella” came at a time when the world was recovering from the ravages of World War II. The ballet was conceived in an era marked by a desire for escapism and a return to normalcy. Frederick Ashton, a prominent figure in the world of ballet, was inspired by the timeless tale of Cinderella, a story that has been told and retold in various forms across cultures. The literary source for the ballet is Charles Perrault’s 1697 version of the fairy tale, which has been the basis for many adaptations.
Ashton collaborated closely with composer Sergei Prokofiev, whose score for “Cinderella” is considered one of his finest works. Prokofiev’s music, with its lush orchestration and memorable melodies, provided the perfect backdrop for Ashton’s choreography. The collaboration extended to other key figures, including designer Jean-Denis Malclès, who created the sets and costumes that brought the fairy tale to life on stage.
Premiere and Reception
“Cinderella” premiered on December 23, 1948, at the Royal Opera House in London. The initial reception was overwhelmingly positive, with critics and audiences alike praising the ballet for its charm, elegance, and emotional depth. The performances of Moira Shearer as Cinderella and Michael Somes as the Prince were particularly lauded, setting a high standard for future interpretations of these roles.
Notable early performances included revivals by the Sadler’s Wells Ballet (now The Royal Ballet) and international tours that introduced the ballet to audiences around the world. Over the years, “Cinderella” has been revived numerous times, each production adding its own unique touch while staying true to Ashton’s original vision.
Synopsis of the Ballet
Act I Summary
The ballet opens in Cinderella’s home, where she is mistreated by her wicked stepmother and stepsisters. Despite her hardships, Cinderella remains kind and gentle. Her only solace comes from her memories of her late mother and the companionship of her father, who is powerless to protect her from the cruelty of her stepfamily. The Fairy Godmother appears and, with the help of the seasonal fairies, transforms Cinderella into a beautiful princess, ready to attend the royal ball.
Act II Summary
The scene shifts to the royal palace, where the ball is in full swing. The Prince is unimpressed by the many eligible maidens vying for his attention until Cinderella arrives. Her beauty and grace captivate him, and they share a romantic dance. As the clock strikes midnight, Cinderella flees, leaving behind a single glass slipper. The Prince vows to find the mysterious princess who has stolen his heart.
Act III Summary
The final act follows the Prince’s quest to find Cinderella. He travels the kingdom, trying the glass slipper on every maiden he encounters. When he arrives at Cinderella’s home, her stepsisters eagerly try on the slipper, but it does not fit. Cinderella, now back in her rags, shyly steps forward, and the slipper fits perfectly. The Prince recognizes her as his true love, and they are joyfully reunited. The ballet concludes with their wedding, a celebration of love and happiness.
Finale
The conclusion of “Cinderella” is a triumphant celebration of love and kindness prevailing over cruelty and hardship. The final scene, with its grand wedding and joyous dancing, leaves the audience with a sense of hope and enchantment, reinforcing the timeless appeal of the fairy tale.
Musical Composition
Composer’s Role
Sergei Prokofiev, one of the 20th century’s most celebrated composers, created the score for “Cinderella.” His music is characterized by its rich orchestration, memorable melodies, and emotional depth. Prokofiev’s contribution to the ballet cannot be overstated; his score provides the emotional and narrative backbone of the production, enhancing the storytelling through its evocative themes and motifs.
Musical Themes and Motifs
Prokofiev’s score for “Cinderella” is filled with recurring musical themes that represent different characters and emotions. The “Cinderella Waltz” is one of the most recognizable pieces, capturing the grace and elegance of the protagonist. The music for the stepsisters is playful and humorous, reflecting their comical and exaggerated personalities. The Fairy Godmother’s theme is magical and ethereal, underscoring her otherworldly presence. These musical motifs help to enhance the narrative and bring the characters to life.
Famous Recordings and Performances
There have been numerous recordings of Prokofiev’s “Cinderella” score, each offering a unique interpretation of the music. Notable recordings include those conducted by Gennady Rozhdestvensky and Valery Gergiev, both of whom bring out the richness and complexity of Prokofiev’s composition. These recordings have become essential listening for ballet enthusiasts and classical music lovers alike.
Choreography and Dance
Choreographer’s Vision
Frederick Ashton’s choreography for “Cinderella” is a masterful blend of classical ballet technique and expressive storytelling. Ashton’s vision was to create a ballet that was both visually stunning and emotionally resonant. He achieved this through intricate footwork, elegant port de bras, and imaginative use of mime and gesture. Ashton’s choreography is known for its musicality, with each movement perfectly synchronized to Prokofiev’s score.
Signature Dance Numbers
One of the most iconic dance numbers in “Cinderella” is the Pas de Deux between Cinderella and the Prince at the royal ball. This romantic duet showcases the technical prowess and emotional connection between the two dancers. Another standout moment is the Fairy Godmother’s solo, which is both ethereal and powerful, highlighting the character’s magical abilities. The stepsisters’ comedic dances provide a contrast to the more serious and romantic scenes, adding humor and lightness to the ballet.
Notable Interpretations
Over the years, different productions of “Cinderella” have brought their own interpretations to Ashton’s choreography. Some have emphasized the fairy tale’s magical elements, while others have focused on the emotional journey of the characters. Notable interpretations include those by The Royal Ballet, American Ballet Theatre, and the Bolshoi Ballet, each of which has added its own unique touch to the classic ballet.
Characters and Roles
Main Characters
- Cinderella: The kind and gentle protagonist who transforms from a mistreated servant to a beautiful princess.
- The Prince: The royal heir who falls in love with Cinderella and searches the kingdom to find her.
- The Fairy Godmother: A magical figure who helps Cinderella attend the royal ball and find her true love.
Supporting Characters
- The Stepmother: Cinderella’s cruel and domineering stepmother.
- The Stepsisters: Cinderella’s comical and vain stepsisters who compete for the Prince’s attention.
- Cinderella’s Father: A kind but powerless figure who is unable to protect his daughter from her stepfamily’s cruelty.
Famous Dancers
Over the years, many renowned dancers have portrayed the roles in “Cinderella.” Moira Shearer and Michael Somes were the original Cinderella and Prince, setting a high standard for future performers. Other notable dancers include Margot Fonteyn, Rudolf Nureyev, and more recently, Alina Cojocaru and Sergei Polunin, each bringing their own unique interpretation to the roles.
Cultural and Artistic Impact
Influence on Ballet and Dance
“Cinderella” has had a significant impact on the world of ballet and dance. Ashton’s choreography has influenced many choreographers who followed, and Prokofiev’s score remains a favorite among composers and musicians. The ballet’s success has also helped to popularize the fairy tale genre in ballet, leading to the creation of other beloved works such as “Sleeping Beauty” and “The Nutcracker.”
Cultural Significance
The story of Cinderella has permeated popular culture, appearing in literature, film, and theater. Ashton’s ballet adaptation has contributed to this cultural significance, bringing the fairy tale to life on stage in a way that resonates with audiences of all ages. The ballet has inspired numerous adaptations, including animated films, live-action movies, and theatrical productions.
Legacy and Revivals
“Cinderella” continues to be performed and celebrated today, with major revivals by leading ballet companies around the world. Each new production brings fresh interpretations and innovations, ensuring that the ballet remains relevant and beloved by contemporary audiences. The enduring popularity of “Cinderella” is a testament to its timeless appeal and the genius of its creators.
Iconic Productions
Historic Productions
Some of the most famous historical productions of “Cinderella” include the original 1948 premiere by The Royal Ballet, which set the standard for future performances. Other notable productions include those by the Bolshoi Ballet and American Ballet Theatre, each of which has brought its own unique interpretation to the ballet.
Contemporary Productions
Recent productions of “Cinderella” have continued to captivate audiences with their innovative choreography and stunning production design. Companies such as The Royal Ballet and the Mariinsky Ballet have staged contemporary versions that stay true to Ashton’s original vision while incorporating modern elements. These productions have been praised for their creativity and ability to connect with new generations of ballet lovers.
Production Design
The set, costume, and lighting design in various productions of “Cinderella” have played a crucial role in bringing the fairy tale to life on stage. Jean-Denis Malclès’ original designs set a high standard, with their elaborate and whimsical aesthetic. Contemporary productions have continued to push the boundaries of production design, using advanced technology and innovative techniques to create magical and immersive experiences for audiences.
Critical Reception and Reviews
Initial Critical Response
At the time of its premiere, “Cinderella” received glowing reviews from critics, who praised Ashton’s choreography, Prokofiev’s score, and the performances of the lead dancers. The ballet was hailed as a triumph, with many noting its perfect blend of classical technique and emotional storytelling.
Modern Reviews
Contemporary critics continue to praise “Cinderella” for its timeless appeal and artistic excellence. Modern reviews often highlight the ballet’s ability to resonate with audiences of all ages, as well as its influence on the world of dance. The ballet’s enduring popularity is a testament to its status as a masterpiece of the art form.
Fun Facts and Trivia
Behind-the-Scenes Stories
One interesting anecdote from the original production involves Moira Shearer, who played Cinderella. Shearer was initially reluctant to take on the role, fearing it would typecast her as a fairy tale princess. However, her performance was so well-received that it became one of her most iconic roles.
Notable Performers
In addition to Moira Shearer and Michael Somes, other famous dancers who have performed in “Cinderella” include Margot Fonteyn, Rudolf Nureyev, Alina Cojocaru, and Sergei Polunin. Each of these dancers has brought their own unique interpretation to the roles, contributing to the ballet’s rich performance history.
Trivia
- Prokofiev’s score for “Cinderella” was composed during World War II, adding a layer of poignancy to its creation.
- The glass slipper in the ballet is often made of a special material that allows it to be easily slipped on and off during performances.
- Frederick Ashton himself performed the role of one of the stepsisters in some early productions, adding a humorous touch to the character.
Conclusion
Summary of the Ballet’s Importance
“Cinderella” is a significant work in the world of ballet, combining the talents of Frederick Ashton and Sergei Prokofiev to create a timeless masterpiece. Its enchanting story, beautiful music, and exquisite choreography have made it a beloved classic that continues to captivate audiences around the world.
Final Thoughts
As we reflect on the enduring appeal of “Cinderella,” it is clear that this ballet has a special place in the hearts of ballet lovers. Its themes of love, kindness, and transformation resonate with audiences of all ages, making it a timeless work that will continue to be celebrated for generations to come. Whether you are a seasoned ballet enthusiast or a newcomer to the art form, “Cinderella” is a must-see performance that will leave you enchanted and inspired.
FAQ
What is the central theme of this ballet?
The central theme of “Cinderella” is the triumph of love and kindness over cruelty and hardship. The story emphasizes the importance of inner beauty and the transformative power of love.
Who are the main characters in this ballet?
The main characters in “Cinderella” are Cinderella, the Prince, and the Fairy Godmother. Supporting characters include the Stepmother, the Stepsisters, and Cinderella’s Father.
What is the most famous dance number in this ballet?
One of the most famous dance numbers in “Cinderella” is the Pas de Deux between Cinderella and the Prince at the royal ball. This romantic duet showcases the technical prowess and emotional connection between the two dancers.
How long does a typical performance of this ballet last?
A typical performance of “Cinderella” lasts approximately two hours, including intermissions. The ballet is usually performed in three acts.
Are there any modern adaptations of this ballet?
Yes, there have been numerous modern adaptations of “Cinderella,” including contemporary ballet productions, film adaptations, and theatrical performances. Each adaptation brings its own unique interpretation to the classic fairy tale.
Why is this ballet considered important in the history of dance?
“Cinderella” is considered important in the history of dance because of its artistic excellence, innovative choreography, and emotional storytelling. The collaboration between Frederick Ashton and Sergei Prokofiev resulted in a timeless masterpiece that continues to influence and inspire the world of ballet.
