Second Position: The Open Stance
Introduction
The world of dance is rich with terminology and techniques that are essential for dancers to master. One such fundamental concept is the “Second Position,” particularly in the context of ballet and other dance forms. The second position, often referred to as the “open stance,” is a foundational pose that dancers use to build strength, flexibility, and balance. This article delves into the intricacies of the second position, exploring its history, execution, benefits, and variations.
History and Evolution of Second Position
Origins in Ballet
The second position has its roots in classical ballet, a dance form that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed in France and Russia. Ballet positions, including the second position, were codified by the French ballet master Pierre Beauchamp in the 17th century. These positions serve as the building blocks for more complex movements and are essential for proper technique and form.
Adoption in Other Dance Forms
While the second position is most commonly associated with ballet, it has been adopted and adapted by various other dance styles, including modern dance, jazz, and even hip-hop. Each dance form may have its own interpretation and execution of the second position, but the core principles remain the same.
Executing the Second Position
Foot Placement
In the second position, the feet are placed approximately shoulder-width apart, with the toes turned outwards. The degree of turnout can vary depending on the dancer’s flexibility and the specific requirements of the dance form. In classical ballet, the ideal turnout is 180 degrees, but this is not always achievable or necessary in other styles.
Leg Alignment
The legs should be straight but not locked at the knees. The weight of the body is evenly distributed between both feet, and the arches of the feet are lifted to maintain balance and stability. Proper leg alignment is crucial to avoid strain and injury.
Upper Body Posture
The upper body should be held upright with the shoulders relaxed and the chest open. The arms can be held in various positions depending on the dance form and the specific movement being executed. In ballet, the arms are often held in a rounded shape at shoulder height, known as “second position arms.”
Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
- Overturning the Feet: Forcing the feet into an extreme turnout can lead to strain and injury. Focus on achieving a natural turnout that feels comfortable and sustainable.
- Locking the Knees: Locking the knees can disrupt balance and lead to hyperextension. Keep the legs straight but soft.
- Slouching: Maintaining an upright posture is essential for balance and form. Engage the core muscles to support the upper body.
Benefits of Mastering the Second Position
Improved Balance
The second position helps dancers develop a strong sense of balance. By distributing weight evenly between both feet and maintaining proper alignment, dancers can achieve greater stability in their movements.
Enhanced Flexibility
Regular practice of the second position can improve flexibility in the hips, legs, and ankles. This increased flexibility is beneficial not only for dance but also for overall physical health and mobility.
Strength Building
Holding the second position requires engagement of various muscle groups, including the core, legs, and glutes. This engagement helps build strength and endurance, which are essential for more advanced dance techniques.
Foundation for Advanced Techniques
The second position serves as a foundation for many advanced dance movements and combinations. Mastery of this position is crucial for executing turns, jumps, and other complex choreography with precision and grace.
Variations of the Second Position
Second Position in Ballet
In ballet, the second position is often used as a starting point for various movements, such as pliés, tendus, and grand battements. The arms can be held in different positions, including second position arms or en bas (low) position.
Second Position in Modern Dance
Modern dance often incorporates a more relaxed and natural interpretation of the second position. The feet may not be turned out as much, and the arms can be held in various expressive shapes to convey different emotions and themes.
Second Position in Jazz and Hip-Hop
In jazz and hip-hop, the second position is often used in more dynamic and energetic movements. The feet may be placed wider apart, and the arms can be used to accentuate sharp, rhythmic movements.
FAQ
What is the ideal turnout for the second position?
The ideal turnout for the second position in classical ballet is 180 degrees, with the toes pointing directly outwards. However, this degree of turnout is not always achievable or necessary in other dance forms. The key is to find a natural turnout that feels comfortable and sustainable for your body.
How can I improve my balance in the second position?
Improving balance in the second position involves maintaining proper alignment and engaging the core muscles. Practice holding the position with even weight distribution between both feet and focus on keeping the upper body upright and relaxed. Regular practice and strength training can also help enhance balance.
What are some common mistakes to avoid in the second position?
Common mistakes in the second position include overturning the feet, locking the knees, and slouching. To avoid these mistakes, focus on achieving a natural turnout, keeping the legs straight but soft, and maintaining an upright posture with engaged core muscles.
Can the second position be used in other dance styles besides ballet?
Yes, the second position is used in various dance styles, including modern dance, jazz, and hip-hop. Each dance form may have its own interpretation and execution of the second position, but the core principles of foot placement, leg alignment, and upper body posture remain the same.
How does the second position benefit overall physical health?
The second position helps improve balance, flexibility, and strength, which are beneficial for overall physical health. Regular practice can enhance mobility, reduce the risk of injury, and contribute to better posture and body awareness.
Conclusion
The second position, or open stance, is a fundamental concept in the world of dance. Its origins in classical ballet have influenced its adoption in various other dance forms, each with its own unique interpretation. Mastering the second position involves proper foot placement, leg alignment, and upper body posture, and offers numerous benefits, including improved balance, flexibility, and strength. By understanding and practicing the second position, dancers can build a strong foundation for more advanced techniques and movements. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced dancer, the second position is an essential skill that will enhance your overall dance performance and physical well-being.
